Where is a dog - 4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ...

 
Dogs may initially show signs of anxiety and nervousness. Later stages cause dogs to become aggressive, uncoordinated, and disoriented, and they can attack random objects and develop tremors and seizures. If you see a dog (or wild animal) displaying these symptoms, call your local animal control or police department and stay away from the animal.. 1019 a 486 bfp outside valve

A dog suffering from an anal gland infection or abscess will be in moderate to severe pain. If the gland is infected, the bacteria from the infection causes pus to build up inside the gland. An infection can then lead to an abscess when the pus-filled sac and swollen tissue cause the gland opening to be obstructed.Whereas giant breeds can take between 18 months and 2 years for their growth plates to fuse. Speaking of skeletons, a dog has 320 bones in their body (depending on the length of their tail) and around 700 muscles. Muscles attach to bones via tendons. Depending on the breed of dog, they will have different types of muscle fibers.Cats and dogs are intelligent in different ways. (Image credit: Jessica Harms via Getty Images) Then, there's brain size. A commonly held notion is that brain size dictates relative intelligence ...Dog saliva is not alone in these properties. Human and other mammal saliva show similar wound-healing activity, which might help explain why we instinctively hold a cut to our mouths and kiss ...Dog - Senses, Smell, Hearing: Dogs have an acute sense of smell and hearing, a poor sense of taste and color vision, and a sensitivity to touch. Dog coats come in a variety of colors and with three basic hair types: short, medium, and long; most are shed seasonally. Sexually maturity occurs between 6-12 months; social maturity occurs at about two years.Dogs can also help to relieve stress and anxiety in people. Around 38% of US households are estimated to have one or more dogs. Although dogs can be beneficial to the health and wellbeing of their owners, people should be aware that dogs of any age, including puppies, can sometimes carry harmful germs that can make people sick.Low thyroid levels affect all your dog’s organ systems. The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary greatly from dog to dog, but are all mostly related to your dog’s slowing metabolism. Here are ...Mar 31, 2022 · A dog suffering from an anal gland infection or abscess will be in moderate to severe pain. If the gland is infected, the bacteria from the infection causes pus to build up inside the gland. An infection can then lead to an abscess when the pus-filled sac and swollen tissue cause the gland opening to be obstructed. Oct 28, 2021 · Dogs may initially show signs of anxiety and nervousness. Later stages cause dogs to become aggressive, uncoordinated, and disoriented, and they can attack random objects and develop tremors and seizures. If you see a dog (or wild animal) displaying these symptoms, call your local animal control or police department and stay away from the animal. Feb 1, 2018 · Liking to get in someones pants and wanting/having a 'bone'(r). Gets distracted easily from one person and chases after multiple people. They like to be at home(aka in the bed at home.) As defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), service dogs are individually trained to perform specific tasks and to work with people with disabilities. According to the ADA ...The average lifespan for large dog breeds is 8 to 12 years. This includes large breed dogs such as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Doberman Pinschers, as ...A dog suffering from an anal gland infection or abscess will be in moderate to severe pain. If the gland is infected, the bacteria from the infection causes pus to build up inside the gland. An infection can then lead to an abscess when the pus-filled sac and swollen tissue cause the gland opening to be obstructed.Heat usually lasts between 2-4 weeks. Early in the cycle, a female dog may not be receptive to male dogs, although some are receptive through the entire cycle. It can be shorter or longer and you ...Feb 22, 2021 · Classic signs of pancreatitis in dogs. Hunched back. Repeated vomiting (either several times within a few hours or periodically over several days) Pain or distention of the abdomen (dog appears ... Dec 25, 2022 · By analyzing the ages of more than 30,000 dogs that died between 2016 and 2020, scientists calculated the average life expectancies of 18 breeds and crossbreeds in the United Kingdom. The dogs had ... If a dog eats an egg contaminated by salmonella, they could get an infection called salmonellosis. The symptoms of salmonellosis include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. Biotin deficiency ...Feb 1, 2021 · Dog saliva is not alone in these properties. Human and other mammal saliva show similar wound-healing activity, which might help explain why we instinctively hold a cut to our mouths and kiss ... Dog - Senses, Smell, Hearing: Dogs have an acute sense of smell and hearing, a poor sense of taste and color vision, and a sensitivity to touch. Dog coats come in a variety of colors and with three basic hair types: short, medium, and long; most are shed seasonally. Sexually maturity occurs between 6-12 months; social maturity occurs at about two years. The average lifespan for large dog breeds is 8 to 12 years. This includes large breed dogs such as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Doberman Pinschers, as ...Due to his or her much shorter life span, your dog and you age at two widely different rates. Just how different depends on your dog’s weight and stage of life. A 2-year-old Pekingese may age only 4 years in a single human year, whereas a Great Dane may age 9. To find out where your dog is on the spectrum, consult our easy-to-use calculator.Dog definition, a domesticated canid, Canis familiaris, bred in many varieties. See more.Whereas giant breeds can take between 18 months and 2 years for their growth plates to fuse. Speaking of skeletons, a dog has 320 bones in their body (depending on the length of their tail) and around 700 muscles. Muscles attach to bones via tendons. Depending on the breed of dog, they will have different types of muscle fibers.Jan 17, 2018 · Thyroid disease is a relatively common problem in dogs. While it is usually treatable, learning that your dog has a thyroid condition is understandably concerning. Here is some information about ... Dog - Senses, Smell, Hearing: Dogs have an acute sense of smell and hearing, a poor sense of taste and color vision, and a sensitivity to touch. Dog coats come in a variety of colors and with three basic hair types: short, medium, and long; most are shed seasonally. Sexually maturity occurs between 6-12 months; social maturity occurs at about two years. Dog definition, a domesticated canid, Canis familiaris, bred in many varieties. See more. The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from extinct Pleistocene wolves, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative.Dogs are mammals, usually kept as pets or for work on farms or police. Some dogs are trained to be rescue dogs, and join teams such as mountain rescue. They have been bred by humans from their ancestral wolves. They were the first animals to live with humans, as far as we know. [4] A dog’s health is influenced by a number of factors including diet, exercise, and hygiene. A dog’s wet nose contributes to its sense of smell, ability to thermoregulate, and ability to communicate with other dogs. 3 common reasons your dog’s nose is dry: Dehydration. Sunburn.Nov 17, 2022 · The age at which a dog is considered a senior will vary based on size and breed, and there are a variety of ways to calculate your dog’s age in human years. Veterinarians consider some dogs to ... Oct 15, 2019 · 1. A dog’s sense of smell is way stronger than ours. Yeah, you can read that two ways, but think back to what your dog smells like when wet, and you’ll figure out the right meaning. When it ... Dog training is a kind of animal training, the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents (trigger for a behavior) and consequences to modify the dog behavior, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.A dog suffering from an anal gland infection or abscess will be in moderate to severe pain. If the gland is infected, the bacteria from the infection causes pus to build up inside the gland. An infection can then lead to an abscess when the pus-filled sac and swollen tissue cause the gland opening to be obstructed.Like children, dogs are completely dependent on their owners for all their needs — food, water, medical attention, exercise, shelter and, most important, companionship. But unlike children, dogs will never learn to pour themselves a drink or fix their breakfast. Dogs never learn to look both ways before crossing the street, and they can’t ... Raymond Coppinger and Lorna Coppinger. With a Foreword by Alan Beck. Of the world’s dogs, less than two hundred million are pets, living with humans who provide food, shelter, squeaky toys, and fashionable sweaters. But roaming the planet are four times as many dogs who are their own masters—neighborhood dogs, dump dogs, mountain dogs.These tiny dogs can weigh just 2 to 3 pounds, but they still have big-dog personalities. Yorkies tend to be vocal, protective, and confident. They're also very loyal and loving to their families. Silky coat; colors include black and tan, blue and tan, and more. 7 to 9 years (teacup); 13 to 16 years (toy)Sep 15, 2017 · The overarching theme is that we see startling similarities in how animals’ brains function. This means that all animals — whether dog or human — have many neural processes in common. So ... Oct 21, 2021 · If your dog becomes irritated by the lipoma, this is a reason to rethink having the mass surgically removed. Maintaining your dog at a proper weight (and instituting a weight-loss plan as needed) will usually help control the growth of lipomas and prevent future ones. According to the University of Edinburgh, the smallest canid is the Fennec fox. It is only 9.4 inches (24 centimeters) high and weighs only 2.2 lbs. (1 kilogram). The largest canid is the gray ...Certain factors may increase the likelihood of a dog developing impacted, infected or abscessed anal glands: Chronic skin dermatitis. Obesity. Insufficient dietary fiber. Chronic soft stool. Food ...4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ...Nov 17, 2022 · The age at which a dog is considered a senior will vary based on size and breed, and there are a variety of ways to calculate your dog’s age in human years. Veterinarians consider some dogs to ... Dog (engineering) In engineering, a dog is a tool or part of a tool, such as a pawl, that prevents or imparts movement through physical engagement. [1] It may hold another object in place by blocking it, clamping it, or otherwise obstructing its movement. Or it may couple various parts together so that they move in unison – the primary ... Aug 12, 2019 · Pigmented Sores. Darkly colored sores are a sign of melanoma, a cancer of the pigment-producing cells. Melanomas in dogs tend to affect the mouth and lips, and they can also be found on their nail beds, footpads and eyes. Specific signs will depend on where the tumor is located and may include a swollen paw, eye discharge or sores in the mouth. Dog. A dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. The history of dogs is an old tale indeed. You could say as long as there has been civilisation, there have been records of humans and dogs. Dogs were domesticated from wolves around 15,000 years ago. New evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia, possibly China. If your dog becomes irritated by the lipoma, this is a reason to rethink having the mass surgically removed. Maintaining your dog at a proper weight (and instituting a weight-loss plan as needed) will usually help control the growth of lipomas and prevent future ones.Mar 5, 2022 · The first symptom of distemper in dogs is usually watery to pus-like discharge from his eyes, followed by fever, loss of appetite, and clear nasal discharge. Most dogs develop a fever ... Airedale Terrier. The Airedale Terrier is a neat, upstanding, long-legged terrier, not exaggerated in any way. This breed has strong round bone and combines strength and agility. The Airedale has strong jaws and a free gait. The coat is hard, dense, and wiry; it lies straight and close, with some hair crinkling or waving.Dogs have ear mobility that allows them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate, raise, or lower a dog's ear. A dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds at four times the distance. Smell The Dog is a non-limited common pet in Adopt Me! that was added to the game on June 15, 2019, as a part of the pets update. When a player joins the game for the first time, they will receive a free Starter Egg, which will either hatch into a Dog or a Cat. Previously, the Dog was obtainable by hatching either a Pet Egg (5% chance to obtain), or a Cracked Egg (11.25% chance to obtain). However ... Turkey: Turkey is a protein source that supports muscle development and energy. Pumpkin: In addition to providing fiber to the diet, pumpkin also contains several vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Carrots: Carrots are an excellent source of beta carotene, fiber, Vitamin K1, potassium, and antioxidants.Canine terminology. Canine terminology in this article refers only to dog terminology, specialized terms describing the characteristics of various external parts of the domestic dog, as well as terms for structure, movement, and temperament. This terminology is not typically used for any of the wild species or subspecies of wild wolves, foxes ...Like children, dogs are completely dependent on their owners for all their needs — food, water, medical attention, exercise, shelter and, most important, companionship. But unlike children, dogs will never learn to pour themselves a drink or fix their breakfast. Dogs never learn to look both ways before crossing the street, and they can’t ... By analyzing the ages of more than 30,000 dogs that died between 2016 and 2020, scientists calculated the average life expectancies of 18 breeds and crossbreeds in the United Kingdom. The dogs had ...Symptoms will generally appear about 10-days-to-8-weeks after contact with a dog carrying scabies. Typically, the first signs of the infection will be on the margins of the ears, chest, elbows ...Dog owners brag about canine intelligence, and cat lovers reply that cats are as just smart as dogs, they simply can’t be bothered to obey. Well, new research published in the journal Frontiers ...Raymond Coppinger and Lorna Coppinger. With a Foreword by Alan Beck. Of the world’s dogs, less than two hundred million are pets, living with humans who provide food, shelter, squeaky toys, and fashionable sweaters. But roaming the planet are four times as many dogs who are their own masters—neighborhood dogs, dump dogs, mountain dogs.Airedale Terrier. The Airedale Terrier is a neat, upstanding, long-legged terrier, not exaggerated in any way. This breed has strong round bone and combines strength and agility. The Airedale has strong jaws and a free gait. The coat is hard, dense, and wiry; it lies straight and close, with some hair crinkling or waving.Dog Walking (between $0 (you can walk your dog) up to $20 per walk, 1x per weekday) $0 to $5,200. Petsitters or Boarding. $100 to $300. Average Monthly Cost of Owning a Dog. $125 to $824. Yearly Total. $1,500 to $9,900.Dog definition: A dog is a very common four-legged animal that is often kept by people as a pet or to... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesAug 31, 2023 · dog ( third-person singular simple present dogs, present participle dogging, simple past and past participle dogged ) ( transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch . Synonyms: chase, chase after, go after, pursue, tag, tail, track, trail. ( transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way. A therapy dog is a dog that is trained to provide affection, comfort and support to people, often in settings such as hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes, schools, libraries, hospices, or disaster areas. In contrast to assistance dogs, which are trained to assist specific patients with their day-to-day physical needs, therapy dogs are ... Turkey: Turkey is a protein source that supports muscle development and energy. Pumpkin: In addition to providing fiber to the diet, pumpkin also contains several vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Carrots: Carrots are an excellent source of beta carotene, fiber, Vitamin K1, potassium, and antioxidants.Classic signs of pancreatitis in dogs. Hunched back. Repeated vomiting (either several times within a few hours or periodically over several days) Pain or distention of the abdomen (dog appears ...The overarching theme is that we see startling similarities in how animals’ brains function. This means that all animals — whether dog or human — have many neural processes in common. So ...Female cycle. The average length of the reproductive cycle for females is 2–4 weeks. Females reach sexual maturity (puberty) between 8 and 18 months of age. There is a tremendous variability in the maturation age between breeds, and even within a breed of dog. [5] 1. Feb 22, 2021 · Classic signs of pancreatitis in dogs. Hunched back. Repeated vomiting (either several times within a few hours or periodically over several days) Pain or distention of the abdomen (dog appears ... Signs of dying (early, end-stage, and beyond). Do dogs know when another dog dies? The 5 stages of grief. Processing death. Learning how to analyze your beloved pet's quality of life will help you through the difficult decisions. Pet loss is not easy to discuss, but being aware of the various stages of natural death will help you through the ...Dog, facts and photos A border collie stands on the bluff at Raven's Point, Tennessee. Photograph by Stephen Alvarez, NAT GEO IMAGE COLLECTION Animals Reference Domestic dog Common Name:... Signs of dying (early, end-stage, and beyond). Do dogs know when another dog dies? The 5 stages of grief. Processing death. Learning how to analyze your beloved pet's quality of life will help you through the difficult decisions. Pet loss is not easy to discuss, but being aware of the various stages of natural death will help you through the ...Female cycle. The average length of the reproductive cycle for females is 2–4 weeks. Females reach sexual maturity (puberty) between 8 and 18 months of age. There is a tremendous variability in the maturation age between breeds, and even within a breed of dog. [5] 1.Oct 21, 2021 · If your dog becomes irritated by the lipoma, this is a reason to rethink having the mass surgically removed. Maintaining your dog at a proper weight (and instituting a weight-loss plan as needed) will usually help control the growth of lipomas and prevent future ones. Then, the dog will rise to the occasion (literally). 2. The Male Moves Into The Vulva. While on top, the dog needs to make readjustments until it has located, identified, and penetrated the vulva. If the dog is having sex for the first time, it may need help from the human or breeder in charge. 3. The Male Climaxes In The FemaleNow dogs pretend they like to fight; They often bark, more seldom bite; But yet a Dog is, on the whole, What you would call a simple soul. Of course I'm not including Pekes, And such fantastic canine freaks. The usual Dog about the Town Is much inclined to play the clown And far from showing too much pride Is frequently undignified.Lymphoma is a common cancer in people and dogs that affects the lymph nodes and lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of organs, tissues, and vessels. It is responsible for fighting ...Mar 31, 2022 · A dog suffering from an anal gland infection or abscess will be in moderate to severe pain. If the gland is infected, the bacteria from the infection causes pus to build up inside the gland. An infection can then lead to an abscess when the pus-filled sac and swollen tissue cause the gland opening to be obstructed. Feb 24, 2021 · As defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), service dogs are individually trained to perform specific tasks and to work with people with disabilities. According to the ADA ... Female cycle. The average length of the reproductive cycle for females is 2–4 weeks. Females reach sexual maturity (puberty) between 8 and 18 months of age. There is a tremendous variability in the maturation age between breeds, and even within a breed of dog. [5] 1.Signs of dying (early, end-stage, and beyond). Do dogs know when another dog dies? The 5 stages of grief. Processing death. Learning how to analyze your beloved pet's quality of life will help you through the difficult decisions. Pet loss is not easy to discuss, but being aware of the various stages of natural death will help you through the ...This is especially true if the heavy breathing is accompanied by lethargy, coughing, eye or nose discharge, a change in the color of the gums, collapsing, weakness, an elevated sleeping respiratory rate, bleeding, bruising, or a known trauma. Panting can be normal for dogs, especially after being active, in warm weather, under stress, or excited.A dog is a domestic mammal of the family Canidae and the order Carnivora. Its scientific name is Canis lupus familiaris. Dogs are a subspecies of the gray wolf, and they are also related to foxes and jackals. Dogs are one of the two most ubiquitous and most popular domestic animals in the world.Airedale Terrier. The Airedale Terrier is a neat, upstanding, long-legged terrier, not exaggerated in any way. This breed has strong round bone and combines strength and agility. The Airedale has strong jaws and a free gait. The coat is hard, dense, and wiry; it lies straight and close, with some hair crinkling or waving.Jan 17, 2018 · Thyroid disease is a relatively common problem in dogs. While it is usually treatable, learning that your dog has a thyroid condition is understandably concerning. Here is some information about ... Dog, facts and photos A border collie stands on the bluff at Raven's Point, Tennessee. Photograph by Stephen Alvarez, NAT GEO IMAGE COLLECTION Animals Reference Domestic dog Common Name:...Feb 22, 2021 · Classic signs of pancreatitis in dogs. Hunched back. Repeated vomiting (either several times within a few hours or periodically over several days) Pain or distention of the abdomen (dog appears ... Simply place the tip of the thermometer into the armpit area and hold your dog's arm down until the thermometer beeps (this usually takes longer than it does for the rectal). Then, add one degree to the thermometer's reading to get a general idea of your dog's body temperature.Simply place the tip of the thermometer into the armpit area and hold your dog's arm down until the thermometer beeps (this usually takes longer than it does for the rectal). Then, add one degree to the thermometer's reading to get a general idea of your dog's body temperature.Dogs are mammals, usually kept as pets or for work on farms or police. Some dogs are trained to be rescue dogs, and join teams such as mountain rescue. They have been bred by humans from their ancestral wolves. They were the first animals to live with humans, as far as we know. [4] Apr 14, 2021 · Then, the dog will rise to the occasion (literally). 2. The Male Moves Into The Vulva. While on top, the dog needs to make readjustments until it has located, identified, and penetrated the vulva. If the dog is having sex for the first time, it may need help from the human or breeder in charge. 3. The Male Climaxes In The Female

Turkey: Turkey is a protein source that supports muscle development and energy. Pumpkin: In addition to providing fiber to the diet, pumpkin also contains several vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Carrots: Carrots are an excellent source of beta carotene, fiber, Vitamin K1, potassium, and antioxidants.. Crabby calipercent27s

where is a dog

If a dog eats an egg contaminated by salmonella, they could get an infection called salmonellosis. The symptoms of salmonellosis include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. Biotin deficiency ...Nov 17, 2022 · The age at which a dog is considered a senior will vary based on size and breed, and there are a variety of ways to calculate your dog’s age in human years. Veterinarians consider some dogs to ... vaccine schedule for dogs. In most states, the first rabies vaccination is generally given to puppies at or before 16 weeks of age. The second rabies vaccination is given one year after the first vaccine. Then, your dog will be vaccinated every year or every three years depending on the state law and the vaccine used.Jan 23, 2019 · Symptoms will generally appear about 10-days-to-8-weeks after contact with a dog carrying scabies. Typically, the first signs of the infection will be on the margins of the ears, chest, elbows ... Jan 23, 2019 · Symptoms will generally appear about 10-days-to-8-weeks after contact with a dog carrying scabies. Typically, the first signs of the infection will be on the margins of the ears, chest, elbows ... Raymond Coppinger and Lorna Coppinger. With a Foreword by Alan Beck. Of the world’s dogs, less than two hundred million are pets, living with humans who provide food, shelter, squeaky toys, and fashionable sweaters. But roaming the planet are four times as many dogs who are their own masters—neighborhood dogs, dump dogs, mountain dogs. Dog Walking (between $0 (you can walk your dog) up to $20 per walk, 1x per weekday) $0 to $5,200. Petsitters or Boarding. $100 to $300. Average Monthly Cost of Owning a Dog. $125 to $824. Yearly Total. $1,500 to $9,900.Feb 22, 2021 · Classic signs of pancreatitis in dogs. Hunched back. Repeated vomiting (either several times within a few hours or periodically over several days) Pain or distention of the abdomen (dog appears ... Dogs have ear mobility that allows them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate, raise, or lower a dog's ear. A dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds at four times the distance. Smell Brussels Griffon. One of the smallest dog breeds in the AKC, the Brussels Griffon can't handle as much roughhousing as some of the sturdier breeds on this list. But if your kids are gentle, they ...Extant breeds, varieties and types. Note: not all dogs listed below are recognized breeds by an official breed registry that can certify the dog is a purebred, including The Kennel Club (TKC - 1873), the oldest and first official dog breed registry in the world, located in the United Kingdom, and the three oldest breed registries in North America, and largest in the world, including the ... Urinary tract infections are common in dogs, and are more frequent in older dogs ages 7 and up. Any dog breed can get a urinary tract infection, but breeds such as Shih Tzu, Bichon Frise, and ...The age at which a dog is considered a senior will vary based on size and breed, and there are a variety of ways to calculate your dog’s age in human years. Veterinarians consider some dogs to ...Dogs have ear mobility that allows them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate, raise, or lower a dog's ear. A dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds at four times the distance. SmellAiredale Terrier. The Airedale Terrier is a neat, upstanding, long-legged terrier, not exaggerated in any way. This breed has strong round bone and combines strength and agility. The Airedale has strong jaws and a free gait. The coat is hard, dense, and wiry; it lies straight and close, with some hair crinkling or waving.Cats and dogs are intelligent in different ways. (Image credit: Jessica Harms via Getty Images) Then, there's brain size. A commonly held notion is that brain size dictates relative intelligence ...Repeat until he indicates that the muzzle looks interesting in a good way. Hold the muzzle with one hand and a treat with the other hand, so he needs to put his nose inside the muzzle to get the ...Mar 26, 2021 · 4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ... .

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